Tus kheej-replicating tshuab luam ntawv tsim khoom los ntawm computer kos duab? Tsis yog science ntawv tseeb, tab sis qhov kev muaj tiag teem rau revolutionize manufacturing
Txawm hais tias koj yuav tsis xav, 1986 yog ib xyoo tseem ceeb. Lub deregulation ntawm London Tshuag pauv hloov txoj kev peb xav txog nyiaj; Chernobyl hloov txoj kev uas peb xav txog nuclear zog; Sab saum toj Phom hloov txoj kev uas peb xav txog cov yeeb yaj kiab suab paj nruag, thiab, rau cov neeg ua tib zoo saib xyuas, ib tug txiv neej Asmeskas los ntawm lub npe Chuck Hull hloov txoj kev uas peb xav txog kev tsim khoom.
Xyoo ntawd nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 11 (tej zaum yuav luag ib lab hnub txij li kev tsim ib txwm nyob hauv Rome), Hull tau tshaj tawm nrog US patent tooj 4, 575, 330: 'Apparatus for Production of Three-Dimensional Objects by Stereolithography'. Thiab yog li ntawd lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D tau yug los.
'Chuck Hull yog tus txiv leej tub uas pib tag nrho,' hais tias Phil Kilburn, tus thawj coj muag khoom ntawm 3D luam ntawv tuam txhab 3T RPD. 'Nws tau ua haujlwm rau Xerox thaum lub sijhawm, thiab tau los nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev tso cov inks nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ib leeg los tsim cov qauv peb sab. Nws coj cov txheej txheem no thiab pib thawj lub tuam txhab luam ntawv 3D, 3D Systems.'
pib
Hull tus thawj 3D tshuab luam ntawv siv lub teeb ultraviolet kos duab ob sab saum toj ntawm lub vat ntawm cov kua photopolymer, ib yam khoom uas hloov tau thaum raug ultra-violet rays. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim ntau zaus, tsim 2D txheej los tsim cov khoom 3D. Thaum cov txheej txheem thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv 3D tshuab luam ntawv tau los ntev txij thaum ntawd los, cov rudiments tseem zoo li qub.
'Lub tshuab peb siv tam sim no ntiav lasers,' hais tias 3T RPD tus thawj coj IT Martyn Harris. 'Cov txheej txheem yog qhov ntse heev, tab sis hauv nws daim ntawv yooj yim nws yooj yim heev: noj qee cov hmoov thiab yaj nws. Yog li hauv peb cov tshuab koj muaj lub txaj ntawm cov khoom siv hmoov, piv txwv li nylon, uas yog cua sov hauv lub tshuab luam ntawv lub chamber kom qis dua nws qhov melting point. Lasers ces taug qab ob-seem hla ntu ntawm cov khoom uas koj xav tsim dua cov hmoov, yaj 2D txheej txhua zaus. Thaum ib txheej tau taug qab, lub txaj ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv poob los ntawm, cia peb hais tias, 120 microns [0.12mm], tom qab ntawd lub caj npab rov coater kis lwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv hmoov rau saum thiab cov txheej txheem pib dua, nrog cov lasers tracing. tawm txheej tom ntej.'
txheej txheem no yog kwv yees los ntawm txoj kev 'sintering', qhov twg ntawm qhov kub siab ntawm cov atoms hauv cov hmoov cov khoom sib txawv rau hauv ib leeg thiab ua ib qho khoom. Tab sis nws tsis txaus tsuas yog tsom lub laser ntawm qee cov yas thiab cia siab tias yuav muaj cov khoom siv tau tshwm sim.
'Qhov koj ua ua ntej yog ua 3D CAD [khoos phis tawj-pab tsim] qauv ntawm yam koj xav ua, ' Harris hais.'Tom qab ntawd, siv software bespoke, koj ntim cov qauv rau hauv qhov chaw virtual 3D uas tsom iav qhov loj ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv txaj. Los ntawm qhov ntawd koj khaws tag nrho koj cov ntaub ntawv hauv STL - stereolithography, lossis cov ntaub ntawv triangulated - thiab thaum koj tau txais cov ntaub ntawv npaj koj pib hlais tag nrho rau hauv qhov tuab koj tab tom tsim. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hlais tau xa mus rau lub khoos phis tawj uas tswj lub tshuab luam ntawv thiab tom qab ntawd nws tsuas yog nias mus, thiab lub tshuab luam ntawv yuav luam tawm. Ironically, ntau qhov ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv no tau luam tawm ntawm lwm lub tshuab luam ntawv ntawm no, yog li lawv tau dhau los ua tus kheej rov ua dua.'
Harris tau koom nrog 3T RPD rau 13 xyoo dhau los thiab, feem ntau tsis ntev los no, tau tsim Race Ware, lub tuam txhab tsheb kauj vab uas tsim nws cov khoom - los ntawm yas Garmin mounts rau titanium saw catchers - siv 3T RPD lub tshuab luam ntawv.
'Kuv tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov no vim tias kuv tau khiav SRM thiab muaj ib khub ntawm Easton TT tuav, 'hais tias Harris. 'Thaum kuv mus nrhiav lub bar mount, txhua yam kuv tuaj yeem pom yog qee qhov khoom siv phom sij txaus ntshai, yog li kuv xav tias kuv yuav ua kuv tus kheej. Kuv xav tias yog kuv ua ib qho rau kuv, kuv yuav pom tias lwm tus xav tau ib yam nkaus, yog li kuv tau mus rau TT lub rooj sab laj thiab nug ib ncig. Tus txiv neej no hu ua Jason Swann tau hais tias nws xav tau Garmin ib qho, thiab nws yog tus tsim CAD yog li nws muab tus qauv rau kuv. Nws tsuas yog siv peb lossis plaub lub hlis kom tau txais los ntawm thawj qhov kev rov ua dua mus rau qhov uas peb tab tom muag tam sim no.'
Raws li Harris qhia, ib qho ntawm cov kev nce qib tseem ceeb uas los nrog 3D kev tsim khoom yog qhov ceev thiab yooj yim ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem tsim thiab honed. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev kos duab rau cov ntawv ua tiav yog qhov tshwj xeeb nrawm piv rau ntau txoj hauv kev - txawm tias tsim lub sijhawm tuaj yeem siv sijhawm li ob peb teev mus rau ib lub lim tiam, nyob ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab cov khoom luam tawm.
'Tsis zoo li lwm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, xws li kev txhaj tshuaj molding, nrog 3D luam ntawv tsis muaj cuab yeej, 'hais tias Harris. 'Txhua yam kuv yuav tsum tau ua yog tsim tus qauv CAD, ua ob peb lub xeem khiav, ua ob peb tweaks thiab tom qab ntawd thaum kuv zoo siab nrog nws, pib luam ntawv. Cov neeg pom nws nyuaj kom tau lawv lub taub hau ncig nws. Lawv nug seb lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog dab tsi thiab kuv tuaj yeem teb, "Ob lossis peb lub lis piam," tab sis lawv tau siv rau ib tus neeg hais tias, "Nws yuav npaj txhij los ntawm peb lub hlis twg ntawm xyoo tom ntej."'
Rapid prototyping
Tau kawg 3T RPD thiab Race Ware tsis nyob ib leeg; muaj lwm cov tuam txhab lag luam thiab kev lag luam tam sim no khaws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 3D luam ntawv thiab saib kom thawb cov ciam teb mus ntxiv. Audi siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv neeg hlau los tsim RSQ lub tswv yim tsheb uas tau tshwm sim hauv zaj duab xis I, Neeg Hlau; Formula One pab pawg xws li Sauber siv 3D luam ntawv nres ducts ntawm lawv lub tsheb, thiab, tsis ntev los no, Dutch architect tuam txhab Dus Architects tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm 3D luam tawm tag nrho lub tsev. Yog li, yog tias tag nrho qhov no ua tau (lub tsev yuav raug liam tias tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv siab txog rau meter hu ua 'KarmerMaker'), qhov cuam tshuam rau cov tsheb kauj vab lawv tus kheej yog dab tsi? Ib tug txiv neej uas xav tias nws paub yog lub taub hau ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Ridley tsheb kauj vab, Dirk Van den Berk.
'Peb tau luam tawm cov qauv me me rau ob lossis peb xyoos dhau los, zoo li tus nres rau Nau-ees Fast diav rawg, 'Van den Berk hais. 'Tab sis thawj zaug rau xyoo no [2013] peb tau luam tawm tag nrho cov duab ua ib feem ntawm kev txhim kho peb cov qauv tshiab ntawm Dean TT tsheb tuam. Nws tsis muaj zog txaus rau kev caij tsheb lossis kev sim kev ntxhov siab, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo rau kev sim aero hauv qhov cua-qhov thiab kev sim sib dhos, qhov twg peb tuaj yeem tsim nws nrog cov khoom siv tiag tiag kom pom tias txhua yam haum.'
Raws li cov Race Ware, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm 3D luam ntawv no - paub tias ua qauv nrawm - tso cai rau Ridley hloov pauv sai thiab pheej yig. 'Tus Dean pib nrog cov duab raj los kuaj hauv qhov. Tom qab ntawd peb ua tiav thav duab. Peb sim cov no, ntsuas, tom qab ntawd rov qab mus thiab hloov me me. Qhov ntawd yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws - cov kev hloov me me tuaj yeem ua tau sai heev. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum thawb lub pob thiab tos kom lub tshuab luam ntawv nres.
'Yav dhau los koj yuav siv cov khoos phis tawj thiab software los tsim cov thav duab, mus txog qhov chaw uas koj muab lub teeb ntsuab thiab cov neeg tsim qauv pib txiav cov pwm. Thaum 3D luam ntawv tsis yog cov thev naus laus zis pheej yig, nws yeej pheej yig dua li qhib pwm, pom ib yam dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm ntawm tus ncej thiab yuav tsum pib dua, 'Van de Berk ntxiv.
Yog li, yog tias cov tuam txhab xws li 3T RPD tuaj yeem luam tawm hauv cov hlau thiab cov tuam txhab xws li Ridley tau luam tawm tag nrho cov qauv tsheb kauj vab, vim li cas peb tsis tuaj yeem muab ob qho tib si ua ke thiab pib luam ntawv caij tsheb kauj vab?
'Rau ib lub thav duab tiav nws nyuaj heev vim yog txoj hauv kev thauj khoom thaum caij tsheb, 'Van den Berk piav qhia. 'Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev uas yuav tsum muaj peev xwm daws tau txhua yam kev ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuaj siab. Nrog carbon, txoj kev koj tsim cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog dab tsi ua rau lub thav duab muaj zog los yog khov kho nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia. Nrog kev luam ntawv nws nyuaj dua los tswj cov khoom ntawm
cov khoom siv thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov ua rau cov khoom tsim khoom nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tej yam yeej yuav mus rau qhov ntawd.'
Kev lag luam ntawm nplai
Rov qab hla Channel hauv Bristol, muaj ib lub tuam txhab uas qhov tseeb ntawm 3D luam thav duab tau los ze dua - tsawg kawg hauv ib feem.
Charge Bikes tau ua haujlwm nrog EADS (European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company) los tsim thawj cov ntawv luam tawm. Ua los ntawm Ti6Al4V titanium, cov ntawv tso tawm tau luam tawm ntawm EADS lub chaw ua ntej raug xa mus rau Taiwan kom raug welded rau hauv Charge lub freezer hla tsheb kauj vab. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum EN kev sim thiab qhov hnyav yim lub hlis nyob rau hauv Charge pro rider Chris Metcalfe tau qhia tias cov kev tso tawm kom ua tiav txhua yam zoo li lawv cov kwv tij CNC, lawv, thiab cov txheej txheem lawv yog ib feem ntawm, tsis muaj kev txwv.
Charge's Neil Cousins hais tias, 'Tam sim no cov ntawv luam tawm tau ntxiv 20% rau tus nqi ntawm tus qauv Freezer thav duab, ib feem vim tias txhua qhov tsim tuaj yeem tsim ntau tshaj 50 qhov kev tso tawm vim qhov loj ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv. Peb kuj tseem txwv tsis pub muaj cov tshuab luam ntawv tawm nyob ntawd - tam sim no tsuas yog peb lub tuam txhab lwm lub tuam txhab hauv UK muaj lawv - thiab kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj ntse uas yuav tsum tau siv rau lawv.'
Cousins taw qhia tias tsis muaj laj thawj yog vim li cas yav tom ntej tus nqi ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam tsis tuaj yeem nqis los raws li lub tshuab loj thiab cov lej nce ntxiv, tab sis rau lub sijhawm nws muaj tseeb txog qhov chaw siv tshuab: 'Peb yog. ib txwm tuaj nrog cov phiaj xwm rau qhov chaw thiab nyuam qhuav ntiav ib tus tsim qauv tshiab ntawm no. Ib yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias feem ntau ntawm cov khoom yuav kim heev uas peb yuav tsum tau ceev faj tsis txhob ua ib yam dab tsi uas yuav zaum ntawm peb cov chaw muag khoom rau ntau xyoo. Uas tau hais tias, ntau tus neeg ua si loj hauv kev lag luam tsheb kauj vab tau sib tham nrog peb thiab EADS kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis, thiab hauv lub sijhawm luv luv kuv tuaj yeem yooj yim pom 3D luam ntawv tau siv los ua cov khoom xws li hubs, mechs. thiab cassettes.'
Race Ware's Martyn Harris tuaj yeem yog ib kauj ruam ua ntej, tau koom tes nrog aerodynamic guru Simon Smart los ua titanium qia. Thaum nyob deb ntawm kev ua tiav, cov khoom muag tau zoo (Harris kwv yees tias tam sim no version tau raug nqi nws £ 5, 000, yog li hloov ib qho yuav nyuaj me ntsis), nws tsuas yog ua pov thawj tias qib 3D luam ntawv tam sim no nyob ntawm, thiab tseem yog dab tsi. nws yuav coj mus rau qhov chaw tuam txhab xws li Race Ware thiab Charge xav mus.
'Tus yuam sij rau 3D luam ntawv yav tom ntej yog nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem, 'hais tias 3T RPD's Phil Kilburn. 'Nws tau siv ntau txoj haujlwm tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo ntawm peb feem kom ua rau tib neeg ntseeg hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis, qhia tib neeg txog qhov nws ua tau thiab ua tsis tau. Tsuas yog ib zaug koj tau nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem koj tuaj yeem coj kom zoo dua ntawm nws. Nws tseem tsis tau mus txog qhov ntawd, tab sis thaum nws ua, 3D luam ntawv yuav tawg.'
Kev luam ntawv zoo: Yuav ua li cas 3D luam ntawv ua haujlwm tau
- Raws li lub tsev hauv cov yas, 3T RPD muaj ntau lub tshuab luam ntawv hlau, xws li cov titanium saw catchers commissioned los ntawm Race Ware.
- Lub tshuab luam ntawv chamber yog rhuab mus rau 70 ° C, ua ntej ib lub laser fiber ntau, ua haujlwm ntawm 1, 000 ° C +, taug qab tawm ob txheej txheej hauv lub txaj ntawm titanium hmoov.
- Lub teeb ci dawb uas koj tuaj yeem pom tsis yog lub teeb ntawm lub laser, tab sis yog lub teeb hnyav uas tau tawm thaum cov hmoov titanium ua molten.
- Cov saw hlau ntes tau tsim nyob rau hauv 20-micron txheej - tom qab txhua txheej tau taug qab, lub tshuab luam ntawv txaj poob los ntawm 0.02mm ua ntej txheej tshiab ntawm cov hmoov yuav kis tawm.
- Lub txaj tshuab luam ntawv hlau zoo li me dua li lub txaj tshuab luam ntawv yas. Tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm 3T RPD cov tshuab twb tsim 50% siab dua lawv cov thawj coj.
- Qhov teeb meem loj nrog kev ua cov tshuab luam ntawv loj tuaj nrog tsom lasers. Cov tshuab luam ntawv me me siv ib lub laser, qhov loj dua cov tshuab luam ntawv yas yuav tsum siv ob.
- Kev luam peb cov saw hlau hauv titanium siv sijhawm li plaub teev. Txog li 50 tuaj yeem nyem rau hauv lub txaj tshuab luam ntawv, tab sis lub sijhawm tsim yuav nce mus txog 12 teev.
- Thaum kev tsim tiav lawm, cov khoom tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yuav luag zoo li khaws lub pob zeb los ntawm ib pawg xuab zeb. Feem ntau ntawm cov hmoov nplej uas tshuav yog rov ua dua thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov tsim tom ntej.
