String thiab kua nplaum: Saib ze dua ntawm cov resin

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String thiab kua nplaum: Saib ze dua ntawm cov resin
String thiab kua nplaum: Saib ze dua ntawm cov resin

Video: String thiab kua nplaum: Saib ze dua ntawm cov resin

Video: String thiab kua nplaum: Saib ze dua ntawm cov resin
Video: Tsis Deev Koj Thiaj Tsis Seev BY Aka 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
Anonim

Resin yog tus phab ej uas tsis pom zoo uas tuav koj cov ntawv carbon ua ke, thiab nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua tau zoo

Nug feem ntau cov neeg taug kev yog dab tsi lawv lub tsheb kauj vab yog tsim los ntawm thiab cov lus teb yuav yog 'carbon'. Nug ib tus neeg twg uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim tsheb kauj vab thav duab (lossis qhov tseeb lwm yam khoom tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xav paub no) thiab koj yuav tau txais cov lus teb nyuaj dua.

'Hauv kev lag luam tsheb kauj vab peb feem ntau hnov txog cov pa roj carbon tab sis tiag tiag uas yog qhov yooj yim dhau - kev nthuav dav, 'hais tias Thomas Leschik, tus thawj coj ntawm engineering ntawm German log tsim Lub Teeb. 'Nws yog qhov tseeb matrix ntawm carbon fibers thiab epoxy resin. Lub ntsiab lus tseeb dua yog CFRP - carbon fiber reinforced yas.'

Yog li peb cov steeds siab heev me ntsis ntau dua li cov tsheb kauj vab yas ntxiv. Nws yog cov ntawv luv luv, thiab mus ntev los piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov resins - uas yog cov yas (los yog polymer) ib feem ntawm CFRP. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov resin muab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nws cov rigidity. Raws li Phil Dempsey ntawm Aprire, ib lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv cov tsheb kauj vab carbon fiber, tso nws, 'Carbon fiber yog cov ntaub ntshiab. Ib leeg tsuas yog ib daim ntaub xwb.'

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Thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom piav qhia thiab cov khoom lag luam nrog cov khoom lag luam, cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau hom lossis hom (xws li Toray, T800, 65HM1K, ultra siab modulus) yog ib txwm trumpeted raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom tiav cov yam ntxwv. Nws zoo li yog tias tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv ntawm kev ua si, tab sis qhov tseeb cov fibers tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov khoom siv. Tus so yog cov epoxy resin, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb kauj vab niaj hnub no. Yog vim li cas, qhov kev lag luam blurb tsis tshua hais txog nws?

ABC ntawm CFRP

CFRP

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (los yog polymer). Cov khoom sib xyaw hu ua

rau cov pa roj carbon lossis carbon fiber.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov cua sov thiab feem ntau siab rau CFRP qauv rau 'teeb' tus

resin thiab them taus rigidity rau cov khoom tiav.

Fibre Strands ntawm carbon uas yog woven los yog knitted ua ke los tsim cov khoom txhawb zog ntawm CFRP qauv. Feem ntau hu ua 'filaments'.
Mould Lub cev tivthaiv nyob rau hauv thiab ib ncig ntawm cov ntawv carbon fiber tau muab tso los tsim tus ncej.
Ply book Qhov tseem ceeb yog ib phau ntawv ntawm cov qauv xaws uas muaj koob meej. Cov ntsiab lus no yuav ua li cas txhua tus neeg ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber raug txiav thiab sib sau ua ke, thiab lawv yog cov zais cia ze tshaj plaws.
pre-preg Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm carbon fiber threads impregnated nrog uncured resin.
Resin Ib lub polymer ua kua siv los khi cov fibers ua ke hauv CFRP qauv.

Insider knowledge

Kom nkag siab txog lub luag haujlwm resin muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsheb kauj vab carbon fiber tiav, peb yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab seb cov resin tau muab tso rau hauv nws li cas.

Hauv qhov tseem ceeb muaj ob hom kev siv carbon fiber: ntub thiab qhuav. Rau kev tsim khoom ntub dej, ib lub tuam txhab yuav cov ntaub ntawv carbon fiber twb impregnated nrog resin, hu ua pre-preg. Cov nplooj ntawv tacky no tau muab tso rau hauv lossis ib ncig ntawm cov pwm thiab tom qab ntawd kho siv cov cua sov thiab lub siab los ua kom rigidity. Cov txheej txheem qhuav resin infusion manufacturing txheej txheem tuaj yeem siv ob hom sib txawv. Thawj qhov zoo ib yam li txoj kev tsim ua ntej preg siv qhov chaw, nrog cov duab txiav ntawm daim ntaub qhuav tso rau hauv pwm, nrog cov resin ntxiv ua ib feem ntawm txoj kev kho. Cov txheej txheem thib ob, siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li Lub Sijhawm thiab BMC (nrog rau nws cov Impec tsheb kauj vab), suav nrog kev ncab ib qho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov thom khwm zoo li cov qauv hla ntawm cov pwm hauv ib qhov ntev. Los ntawm no, cov resin tau ntxiv nyob rau hauv siab rau cov duab uas twb tau tsim lawm.

Giant yog tib lub hom lag luam uas tsim txhua yam ntawm nws tus kheej carbon pre-preg khoom los ntawm 'spool kom tiav' - uas yog hais tias nws yuav nws cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau raws li ib tug xov ntawm loj spools, ntxiv nws tus kheej resin, thiab mus rau tsim nws cov ncej, tuav, stems thiab accessories. Giant, ces, zoo li lub tuam txhab zoo nug txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm resins.

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Nws UK cov khoom lag luam thiab kev cob qhia tus thawj coj, David Ward, hais tias, 'Peb cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau tau xa ncaj qha los ntawm Toray [lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv carbon fiber ntau tshaj plaws] mus rau chav spool. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog threaded mus rau lub looms thiab woven rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv carbon loj loj. Nws yog tom qab weaving tias cov resin ntxiv. Cov resin zaum hauv ib lub trough saum cov menyuam sib dhos thiab raug xa mus rau daim ntaub txav mus, siv rau cov filaments ntawm rollers.' Cov txheej txheem yog ib qho yooj yim, thiab cov txheej txheem siv los ntawm Giant yog zoo nkauj npaum li cas zoo tib yam rau cov uas siv los ntawm tag nrho cov manufacturers ntawm. pre-preg carbon fiber ntau. Tab sis thaum nws yuav yooj yim hauv nws cov tshuab, qhov tseeb, rov ua dua thiab tswj tau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom tiav kev ncaj ncees.

'Cov resin yuav tsum ntws nruab nrab ntawm lub tsho tiv no txhua lub filament zoo kawg nkaus, 'Ward hais. 'Kev faib cov resin zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tau txais qhov zoo ua ntej tawm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov kab ntau lawm.' Dempsey ntawm Aprire ntxiv, 'Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov resin nkag mus rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Yog tias koj tau txais cov resin tsis ncaj ncees lawm, koj tau muaj cov kab nrib pleb. Nws tseem ceeb heev.'

'Vim cov resin ua 40% ntawm Giant thav duab tom qab kho, cov resin yog ib feem tseem ceeb heev, 'Ward hais. 'Ib zaug nws yog thermoset [kho], nws yog cov resin uas muab cov qauv nruj. Dempsey hais tias, 'Koj yuav tsum hloov kev ntxhov siab los ntawm ib feem mus rau lwm qhov. Nws yog cov resins uas tso cai rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov fibers.'

Ntau cov resins yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom kawg. Dempsey hais tias, 'Yog tias cov resin khov heev, nws yuav tsis khiav los ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab koj yuav xaus nrog cov fibers kov ib leeg. Qhov zoo tshaj yog koj xav kom lawv sib cais me ntsis.'

Tom qab ntawd muaj qhov teeb meem ntawm compressibility, uas cuam tshuam rau cov tuab ntawm cov qauv carbon. Dempsey hais tias 'Kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv hauv cov resin yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov compressibility.'Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov txheej txheem sib txawv nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm resin. Feem ntau, pheej yig dua resins yuav thicker. Nrog cov khoom zoo, cov pa roj carbon fibers tuaj yeem ua microns sib nrug. Qhov ntawd ua rau koj cov phab ntsa nyias nyias rau tib lub zog zoo, lub ntsiab lus sib dua. Ib qho pheej yig dua resin tawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm fiber ntau thiab txheej.'

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Raws li Giant tsim tag nrho hauv tsev, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau nws tus kheej resins. Ward hais tias, 'Peb nyob ntawm peb tiam peb ntawm kev txhim kho resin tam sim no. Cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm cov txheej txheem molding thiab curing yog tag nrho mus rau cov khoom siv resin - qhov kub thiab txias nws mus rau lub sijhawm kho.' Vim muaj ntau tus nqi ntawm nws cov khoom carbon, Giant siv ob hom resin. 'Peb tus qauv cob yog siv rau txhua kab khoom tshwj tsis yog cov khoom lag luam SL Advanced,' hais tias Ward. 'Rau Advanced SL, peb siv nanotechnology additive. Nanoparticles nce qhov cuam tshuam ntawm peb cov ncej los ntawm 18% uas tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo rau qhov tawv nqaij lossis qhov hnyav. Lawv raug nqi ntau dua.'

Ib qho khoom ntxiv ntawm cov khoom yog txhim kho phab ntsa compaction thaum kho. 'Cov nanoparticles tso cai rau cov resin sau cov micro voids nyob rau hauv lay-up. Cov resin tau ntws zoo dua, txo qhov muaj peev xwm rau qhov khoob thiab txo cov phab ntsa tuab, 'Ward ntxiv.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm resin hauv kev txo qhov tsis muaj dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ncaj ncees ntawm tus ncej, raws li Dempsey piav qhia. Nws hais tias 'Voids hauv cov resin yog qhov uas yuav khaws cov kev ntxhov siab,' nws hais. 'Cov no yog cov ntsiab lus tsis ua haujlwm, thiab cov voids ua tsis tiav los ntawm kev sib cais raws li cov txheej txheem delaminate. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tau txais kev delamination yam tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj dab tsi, tab sis koj xav tau lub hom phiaj rau lub hnab pa me me hauv cov khoom sib xyaw.'

Ntxiv rau kev thauj khoom thauj, phab ntsa tuab thiab ruaj khov, cov resins tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev caij tsheb kauj vab. Dempsey hais tias, 'Los ntawm qhov yooj yim ntawm kev pom, koj tuaj yeem xav txog cov resins ua ob lub pob Araldite cov khoom lag luam nrog cov resin thiab hardener. Qhov kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov hardener siv nrog cov khoom siv tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev caij tsheb zoo. Rau lub tsheb kauj vab zoo, koj xav tau qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom kho kom zoo kom tso cai rau kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm carbon fiber. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais qhov no los ntawm kev siv lub zog resin nrog tsawg hardener. Cov kws tsim txuj ci ntse tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv nruj dua los yog ntau dua rau qhov hnyav. Koj tsis tuaj yeem vam khom rau qhov tawv nqaij tab sis, raws li tus kws tshaj lij, koj yuav tsum paub txog cov khoom muaj peev xwm cov resin tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov qauv tiav.'

Resins yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ncej tiav, yog li peb rov qab mus rau lo lus nug vim li cas peb hnov me ntsis txog lawv.

'Resin yog tus tso cai, tsis yog tus tsav tsheb, 'hais tias Dempsey. 'Resin tso cai rau peb sib txuas cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau ua ke - piv txwv li T700 rau T800 - siv cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov fibers tam sim no rau peb. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj muag, thiab nyuaj heev rau tig, tab sis lub luag hauj lwm lawv ua si yuav tsum tsis txhob underestimated.'

Giant's David Ward muab tso rau nws ntau succinctly: 'Resins tsuas yog kua nplaum. Lawv tsis sexy xwb.'

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Duab

Muab hais tias feem ntau cov tuam txhab tsheb kauj vab siv cov pa roj carbon pre-preg, lawv cov kev xaiv raug txwv raws li kev siv cov resin los cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus ncej. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis txwv cov neeg nrhiav cov lus qhia tshiab, lossis los ntawm kev thawb cov resin thiab pre-preg tuam txhab uas muag los tsim cov khoom sib txawv.

Dempsey hais tias, 'Peb tab tom ua haujlwm kom tau cov neeg koom tes los tsim cov resin uas tsis tawm ntawm chav tsev kub. Ib qho kev txwv nrog kev tsim qauv yog tias sai li sai tau thaum koj noj pre-preg los ntawm nws qhov txias cia, nws pib kho cua. Nws yuav tsis mus tag nrho sab nraud ntawm qhov cub kho, tab sis nws yuav "tawm mus". Lub pre-preg uas tso cai rau peb siv cov txheej txheem lay-up complex, thiab txhim kho peb phau ntawv ply [saib glossary, sab laug] mus rau theem peb xav tau, yuav cia peb mus deb ntau ntawm peb qhov kawg. Qhov ntawd yuav yog qhov zoo rau peb.'

Ib thaj chaw uas cov resins ua ib feem loj yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov roj carbon log. Ntawm no cov resins yog qhov tseem ceeb, tsis yog tsuas yog rau cov qauv kev ncaj ncees thiab nruj ntawm lub log, tab sis kuj rau braking kev ua tau zoo.

Lub Teeb Lub Teeb Leschik hais tias, 'Qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv yog nws tus cwj pwm kub. Feem ntau cov resins muaj teeb meem tshaj 150 ° C. Hauv 10 xyoo dhau los peb tau nce qhov kub thiab txias ntawm peb cov resins peb npaug.'

Yuav luag txhua tus neeg caij tsheb kauj vab yuav tau hnov cov dab neeg txaus ntshai txog lub log tsheb tsis ua haujlwm ntev vim muaj cua sov, tab sis yuav ua li cas tshwm sim thaum lub tsheb nres sib ntsib? Leschik hais tias, 'Tribology yog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw sib txheeb. Nws suav nrog kev kawm thiab kev siv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txhuam, lubrication thiab hnav. Nres ntawm CFRP ntug nrog cov roj hmab nres hauv cov dej ntub lossis qhuav yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm zoo li no. Kev ua kom zoo ntawm lub kaw lus no rau kev ua haujlwm zoo nres tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj qhov kub-resistant resins.'

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Duab

Raws li nrog cov qauv kev ua tau zoo, nws yog cov khoom ntxiv hauv cov resins uas ntxiv rau cov cua sov, thiab rau tus nqi. Ib qho ntxiv yog ceramic - silica. Thaum Aprire tsis ua lub log, Dempsey nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem: 'Resins ua qhov sib txawv loj hauv cov qauv carbon rim. Piv txwv li, ntxiv silica rub tawm cov cua kub ntau ntawm lub cev ntawm cov qauv thiab tso cai rau cov cua txias kom txias ntawm ntug zoo dua nrog tus qauv CFRP ntug. Tooj liab yuav yog ib qho khoom ntxiv zoo heev vim nws muaj peev xwm los kos cov cua kub ntau, tab sis muaj peev xwm ua rau cov sulfur mus rau hauv cov resin yog tias ya raws tau los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb. Qhov no yuav ua rau yuav luag qee yam delamination. Kub dab dej - meshes nyob rau hauv lub resin - muaj peev xwm loj. Lub tshuab no tuaj yeem tuaj.'

Lub Teeb Nyhav Leschik tseem muaj kev ntseeg loj hauv kev tsim kho cov khoom: 'Peb tab tom saib kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov rim-braking rims. Nrog cov ntse resins peb paub tseeb tias peb tuaj yeem muab cov neeg caij tsheb ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov discs yam tsis muaj ib qho hnyav ntxiv.'

Qhov tseeb nyuaj

Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov resin yog ib qho tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim tsheb kauj vab. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov tawv nqaij, muaj zog, qhov hnyav, kev nyab xeeb thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv roj carbon fiber ntau, yog li peb puas tuaj yeem cia siab tias cov tuam txhab yuav pib waxing lyrical txog qhov xav tsis thoob ntawm lawv cov khoom nplaum? Tej zaum tsis yog, vim nws tseem tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub complex system. Cov khoom zoo zoo yuav tsis ua rau cov pa roj carbon fiber tsis zoo lossis cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho tsis zoo. Raws li Lightweight's Leschik tau hais tias, 'Nws zoo ib yam txhua lub sijhawm: ua noj ncuav mog qab zib zoo koj xav tau cov khoom xyaw hauv qhov sib piv, ua kom zoo.'

Carbon jargon: Nws txhais li cas?

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