Tshawb pom hauv cov cwj mem smudge, graphene puas tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv super tshiab uas hloov pauv kev lag luam tsheb kauj vab?
Ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm nws, graphene yog cov khoom siv yooj yim. Nws yog ib txheej ntawm carbon atoms 0.3 nanometers tuab - ib lab lub sij hawm thinner dua daim ntawv ntawm phau ntawv no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog 150 npaug zog dua li cov hlau thiab 20% elastic dua. Nws ua hluav taws xob zoo dua tooj liab lossis kub, ntawm qhov ceev ntawm ib lab meters ib ob. Nws tso cua sov sai. Nws yog pob tshab thiab tag nrho impermeable, thiab nws yuav tsum muaj tib yam cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st uas carbon fiber tau ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th thiab hlau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th. Tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob ob tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Manchester University uas nrhiav pom nws hauv 2003, Andre Geim thiab Konstantin Novoselov, tau nrawm nrawm mus rau Nobel nqi zog thiab knighthoods. Tab sis qhov no ua li cas rau cov tsheb kauj vab?
Graphene cov neeg siv khoom thaum ntxov
thawj cov khoom siv caij tsheb kauj vab uas muaj graphene tab tom pib ntaus lub khw. Vittoria siv graphene hauv nws qhov tseeb carbon Qurano rims (saib p20) thiab Catlike kuj siv nws nyob rau hauv nws ntau-topping Mixino kaus mom hlau. Kev cai carbon framebuilder Richard Craddock ntawm Craddock Cycles hais tias, 'Muaj ntau qhov kev zoo siab txog graphene tam sim no, tab sis cov no tsuas yog thawj qhov kev tawm tsam. Zoo li txhua yam khoom siv tshiab, nws lub peev xwm tag nrho tseem tsis tau paub tab sis nws feem ntau yuav qhov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws tsis yog hloov pauv rau carbon tab sis raws li kev txhim kho. Kuv yuav siv nws thaum nws ua pov thawj.'
Paul Wiper, tus kws tshawb fawb koom nrog National Graphene Institute ntawm Manchester University, hais tias, 'Graphene tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, vim tias nws tuaj yeem faib cov kab mob thaum ntxiv rau epoxy resin matrix thiab ua kom nws nruj dua. Koj yuav tsum tau txais qhov sib npaug, txawm li cas los xij. Ntau cov graphene, hais 10 lossis 20% ntawm cov matrix, yuav ua rau nws tawv heev tab sis nws kuj yuav nkig.'
Nws cov npoj yaig tam sim no ua tiav kev siv graphene hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke rau aerospace, thiab Spanish tsheb tsim Spania twb suav nrog nws hauv nws GTA supercar chassis. Yog li yuav tsheb kauj vab ncej tom ntej? 'Tsis muaj laj thawj vim li cas nws tsis tuaj yeem siv hauv tsheb kauj vab thiab kuv paub tseeb tias ib tus neeg ua haujlwm rau lawv lawm,' Wiper kwv yees. Vittoria muaj xws li kev ntseeg hauv graphene, nws muab nws cov nyiaj nyob qhov twg nws lub qhov ncauj. 'Kuv tau tshwm sim noj hmo tsib xyoos dhau los nrog tus tsim ntawm Directa Plus, ib qho ntawm thawj graphene factories hauv Tebchaws Europe, thiab kuv tau los nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv graphene hauv peb cov khoom,' hais tias Vittoria tus thawj tswj hwm Rudie Campagne. 'Tom qab ntawd peb txiav txim siab los nqis peev rau lawv, ua rau ntawm ntug txiav.'
Vittoria thov los ntawm kev siv graphene hauv Qurano carbon log tshiab nws tau nce kev hais lus-qhov lub zog thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm ntug txog li 30%. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, Campagne enthuses, 'Qhov kev txhim kho cua sov dissipation ntawm graphene txo qhov kub ntawm lub npoo [hauv braking], ua kom nws zoo hauv qab qhov pib uas carbon fiber yuav pib tawg.'
Ntxiv graphene rau cov pa roj carbon tsis yooj yim li ntxiv qab zib rau koj kas fes, txawm li cas los xij. Directa Plus muab graphene rau Vittoria ua 'nano-platelets', uas tsuas yog peb mus rau xya atoms tuab. 'Qhov kev sib tw loj yog kom ua tiav qhov ze-zoo tag nrho dispersion ntawm graphene nyob rau hauv tus tswv batch ntawm epoxy resin rau prepreg carbon los xij,' hais Campagne.
Kev tshoov siab
'Tib neeg tau kwv yees ntau xyoo lawm tias graphene muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv xws li graphite, thee thiab pob zeb diamond, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg paub yuav ua li cas los ua ib txheej ob sab, 'hais tias Wiper. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm tshoov siab, Geim thiab Novoselov tau pib nrog smudge ntawm crystalline graphite - zoo ib tug cwj mem - uas yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam, stacked txheej ntawm graphene, thiab siv nplaum nplaum lawv stripped ib co ntawm cov graphite. Raws li xav paub, lawv tau ua nws dua thiab dua, txog thaum kawg lawv cais ib txheej - ntshiab graphene. Ces lawv sim nws.
'Feem ntau thaum koj ua cov ntaub ntawv nyias thiab nyias, lawv cov khoom tsis zoo, 'hais tias Geim nws tus kheej. 'Tab sis nrog graphene peb pom tej yam tsuas zoo dua.'
Labs thoob ntiaj teb tam sim no ua graphene ntau txoj hauv kev, nrog cov purities sib txawv, sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab ntau npaum li cas. Piv txwv li, Catlike hais tias nws siv nano-fibres los tswj lub zog ntawm nws Mixino kaus mom hlau, uas tam sim no 10g sib zog dua li yav dhau los qauv. Lwm tus siv nws hauv daim ntawv nano-ribbons, thiab Samsung thiab Sony thov kom tau tsim txoj hauv kev los ua cov ntawv txuas ntxiv. Dab tsi yog qhov xav tsis thoob, txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws tsis kim heev. Koj tuaj yeem yuav ib kilo ntawm nano-platelets rau tsawg dua £ 150. Raws li ntau cov qauv ntawm cov khoom raug tsim, nws yog qhov tseeb tias kev siv lo lus 'graphene' hauv kev lag luam khoom yuav tsim kev tsis meej pem rau cov neeg siv khoom. Nws yuav tsis yooj yim kom paub tseeb tias cov khoom uas tau lees tias yog 'graphene-hloov' tiag tiag muaj cov khoom siv me me, lossis seb nws puas ua tau zoo. Nws yog ib qho kev tsis txaus ntseeg uas tsis paub tseeb tuaj yeem siv tau.
'Ib lub chaw kuaj mob tuaj yeem kuaj cov khoom siv kom pom tias nws ua tau raws li tau thov, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau ua cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kom paub tseeb tias graphene nyob, 'Wiper hais. Thiab raws li graphene muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, txawm tias cov hmoov av hmoov av, nws yuav yog Trades Description Act ntuj raug txim. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txoj cai tes, nws cov lus cog tseg rau kev lag luam cycling yog loj. Muaj peev xwm siv rau graphene suav nrog kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm qhov chaw raug xws li rims, chainrings thiab spokes, los yog, yog embedded nyob rau hauv carbon Cheebtsam, graphene nano-fibres yuav ua tau hluav taws xob los yog txawm hloov cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov ntawd yuav txo qis cable rau kev hloov hluav taws xob thiab tsheb kauj vab khoos phis tawj. Xwb nws tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsuas ntsuas hauv cov pa roj carbon hub, cranks, pedals, chainrings lossis khau khau, qhov twg nws cov nano-fibres yuav txo qhov nyuaj thiab muaj peev xwm txiav tus nqi hluav taws xob ntsuas.
Nano-pob zeb diamond twb tau coated nrog graphene los tsim super-lubricants, uas yuav tshem tawm yuav luag tag nrho cov kev sib txhuam ntawm bearings, thiab super-ci, graphene-enhanced LEDs tau cog lus sai li sai tau rau xyoo tom ntej. Lub graphene supercapacitor tuaj yeem khaws lub zog ntau dua li cov roj teeb uas twb muaj lawm, yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob tseem yuav ua tau. Dab tsi ntxiv, kev sim ntawm embedding graphene electrodes hauv polypropylene fibers tseem tab tom ua dhau los, yog li muaj qee qhov peev xwm rau yav tom ntej suav nrog hauv cov khaub ncaws hnav. Nws yog hypothetical nyob rau theem no tab sis yuav muaj ib qho taw tes rau lub sijhawm thaum koj lub tsho thiab luv luv ua ntse, hnov koj lub plawv dhia, ntshav siab, kub, qhov hnoos qeev thiab txawm tias cov leeg nqaij. Nws yeej zoo li nws siv thiab cov txiaj ntsig muaj ob peb txoj cai.
'Graphene yog qhov tseeb tshiab uas nws cov ntawv thov tsuas yog pib kawm xwb,' hais Campagne. 'Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau xyoo ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab siv txoj kev tshawb fawb los ua kom zoo dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm lossis cov ntawv thov tshiab thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub. Txoj kev taug tsuas yog pib xwb.'
