Nrog kev paub zoo txog carbon fiber, Trek tus kws ua haujlwm laus ua haujlwm tau ua ib feem loj hauv kev tsim tsheb kauj vab li niaj hnub no
Cyclist: Koj pib li cas ntawm Trek?
Jim Colegrove: Xyoo 1990 Trek xav tsim cov khoom sib xyaw hauv tsev tom qab muaj kev puas tsuaj pib siv lub tuam txhab cais los tsim 5000 tus ncej. Qhov ntawd yog ib qho ua-hauv-ib-thooj rov qab rau xyoo 1988 thiab 1989. Kev ua tsis tiav txaus ntshai - peb tau txais txhua tus rov qab. Cov neeg tseem ceeb pom tau hais tias carbon fiber yog lub neej yav tom ntej, thiab kuv raug ntiav los pab coj kev tsim khoom rau hauv qhov chaw no. Kuv tuaj ntawm lub tuam txhab me me hauv S alt Lake City uas ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg siv dav hlau - Boeing, Lockheed, Northrop, cov tuam txhab zoo li no. Jackson Street yog qhov chaw Trek pib, uas yog lub tsev noj mov liab hauv plawv nroog Waterloo [Wisconsin]. Trek pib brazing thav ntawv nyob rau hauv 1976. Tam sim no nws muaj lub tsev CNC cuab yeej machining chaw los txiav tag nrho cov pwm peb siv los ua peb qhov chaw.
Cyc: Puas yog kev lag luam aerospace thiab tub rog siv cov pa roj carbon zoo dua li siv hauv tsheb kauj vab?
JC: Cov khoom siv dav hlau thiab kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam siv yog ze li zoo ib yam rau cov khoom siv ua si hauv kev lag luam. Dab tsi yog feem ntau ploj lawm yog daim ntawv pov thawj thiab tseem muaj pov thawj ntawm kev tsim khoom. Peb siv ntau cov fibers sib txawv, qee qhov zoo ib yam li cov siv rau cov tub rog sab saum toj kawg nkaus thiab lub hom phiaj aerospace. M60J, piv txwv li, yog ultra-high-modulus Toray fiber. Thaum kawg kuv ntsia, nws yog ib yam dab tsi sab qaum teb ntawm $ 900 ib phaus [kwv yees £ 1, 270 ib kilo]. Qee cov ntaub ntawv siab thiab ultra-high modulus no tau muab cais ua cov khoom siv tswv yim, thiab qhov ntawd txhais tau tias lawv tsuas muaj nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws NATO vim tias koj tuaj yeem ua riam phom tawm ntawm lawv. Peb siv yuav luag tag nrho cov fibers tawm muaj, txawm nws yog Toray, Mitsubishi, Hexcel, Cytec. Koj npe nws, peb siv nws.
Cyc: Dab tsi tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj kev Trek ua tej yam?
JC: Ib qho tseem ceeb yog qhov peb ua yuam kev-pov thawj cov txheej txheem. Txhua lub sij hawm koj muab tib neeg tso rau hauv qhov sib tov muaj qhov ua yuam kev. Tag nrho peb cov khoom nyob rau hauv tsib los yog rau lub xyoo dhau los tau dhau los ntawm peb lub validation lab, uas yog ib hom ntawm mock Hoobkas. Peb coj peb cov kws tshaj lij cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia peb cov neeg ua haujlwm lawv yuav ua li cas. Peb coj cov neeg ua haujlwm mus rau hauv lub chaw kuaj xyuas kev lees paub thiab cob qhia lawv kom peb muaj kev hloov pauv tsis sib haum. Peb sim tsim tej yam nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas yuav hloov tau zoo mus rau hauv ntau lawm. Vim tias thaum koj nqa khoom tawm ntawm ib puag ncig hauv chav kuaj thiab mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom ib txwm muaj qhov tsis sib xws me me - yam koj tsis xav txog.
Cyc: Koj juggle qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas li cas thaum koj ua ntau yam ntawm koj cov khoom lag luam nyob rau sab hnub tuaj?
JC: Qhov kuv xav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov uas tau kawm ntawm no tau nthuav tawm rau peb cov neeg Esxias cov koom tes. Ib qho uas kuv xav tias ua rau peb sib nrug yog qhov tseeb tias peb tau koom nrog kev tsim khoom. Peb tsim tag nrho cov saum toj kawg nkaus Project Ib lub tsheb kauj vab hauv Wisconsin, thiab peb paub tias lub Hoobkas kim, tab sis yog tias peb tsis ua ntawm no peb poob qhov kev sib txuas ncaj qha rau kev tsim cov khoom. Peb tuaj yeem tsim lub thav duab zoo nkauj thiab xa nws mus rau lwm tus tab sis peb yuav tsis muaj lub tswv yim yog tias peb tsim tau dab tsi thiab yog tias nws tsim tau zoo, tshwj xeeb.
Cyc: Qhov sib xyaw ntawm carbon fiber cuam tshuam li cas tus qauv tsim?
JC: Muaj ib hom 'dub txhuas' txoj kev xav uas cov neeg tsim qauv kho cov pa roj carbon zoo li nws yog cov hlau isotropic. Yog li, qee qhov ntawm FEA [Finite Element Analysis] siv rau hauv kev tsim tsheb kauj vab yog ua los ntawm kev nkag mus rau txhuas ua cov khoom siv thiab tsim cov raj nkaus xwb ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm cov phab ntsa tuab. Qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov tseeb sib xyaw FEA. Qhov ntawd yog qhov zoo rau kev tau txais cov khoom siv tau, tab sis yog tias peb xav hu rau hauv hom kev caij tsheb uas peb tab tom nrhiav rau saum toj, peb yuav tsum ua tej yam kom raug. Hauv peb tus qauv tsim koj tuaj yeem pom tus naj npawb ntawm cov plies thiab qhov chaw uas peb tau muab tso rau lawv, thiab tag nrho cov uas tau tsav los ntawm peb qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam.
Cyc: Yuav ua li cas cov qauv rau kev txhim kho aerodynamics cuam tshuam txoj kev koj mus rau kev tsim?
JC: Aerodynamics tau ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab rau peb. Aero tube duab zoo li xav tau cov cheeb tsam loj dua, thiab thaum twg koj ntxiv thaj chaw ntau dua rau ib qho twg muaj qhov hnyav dua, puas yog? Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm hais tias nws hnyav heev rau tus neeg caij tsheb vim tias nws yog qhov siab siab, lossis nws nqaim heev uas lub tsheb kauj vab nyob thoob plaws qhov chaw [vim yog lateral flex]. Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas peb qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tiag tiag los ua si. Ua ntej tshaj plaws peb txheeb xyuas cov duab los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm aerodynamic, thiab tom qab ntawd thaum peb paub tias peb muaj cov duab aerodynamic, ces peb pib ntsaws qhov ntawd rau hauv FEA. Yog hais tias ob qho no tsis mus ua si ua ke, peb yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov khoom kom tau raws li lub aerodynamics, tab sis tom qab ntawd lub tsheb kauj vab yuav hnyav heev - qhov no yuav tsis ua. Yog li peb niaj hnub converge ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws.
Cyc: Carbon fiber tsheb tuam yog ib nrab carbon fibers thiab ib nrab resin. Cov resin tseem ceeb npaum li cas?
JC: Zoo heev. Peb tsis tham ntau txog nws, tab sis peb niaj hnub ua haujlwm nrog cov resins sib txawv. Nws yog cov khoom siv sib xyaw - carbon fiber ua haujlwm thiab epoxy resin tuav cov fibers hauv txoj haujlwm. Yog li yog tias cov resin tsis ua nws txoj haujlwm tuav cov fibers nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm, koj yuav tsis tau txais ib qho kev ua tau zoo ntawm fibers. Peb tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog [carbon fiber producer] Hexcel vim nws muaj ntau hom resins uas muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab tshwj xeeb. Qhov teeb meem yog nws ntxiv complicates ib tug twb complex tswvyim. Muaj ntau cov lus hais nyob ib puag ncig - nws puas yog T700 lossis T800 lossis IM7 lossis IM8, dab tsi yog qhov moduli, lub zog thiab elongation? Nws tsis meej pem txaus yam tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv cov resins.
Cyc: Cov pa roj carbon qee zaum muaj lub koob npe tsis zoo vim muaj lub neej tsawg. Qhov no puas muaj tseeb?
JC: Tib neeg zoo li txhawj xeeb txog carbon fiber vim nws tsis paub. Cov neeg tau loj hlob nrog hlau thiab txhuas. Txhua yam khoom muaj lub neej qaug zog. Nqa ib daim ntawv steel thiab khoov nws ib puas zaug nws yuav zaum tawg. Ua tib yam nrog aluminium, thiab nws yuav zaum tawg nyob rau hauv ib nrab lub sij hawm vim tias txhuas tsis zoo li qaug zog li hlau. Composites, feem ntau, muaj lub neej infinite qaug zog. Tab sis qhov ntawd nyob ntawm kev siv cov roj carbon fiber ntau, siv cov resin thiab nws tau ua tiav npaum li cas. Hauv lwm lo lus, puas muaj ntau qhov voids hauv laminate? Vim hais tias voids yuav tua ib tug composite sai heev. Qhov ntawd yog ntau xyoo dhau los, tab sis tsis muaj ntxiv lawm. Qhov no, dua, yog qhov ua tiav kev tswj cov khoom siv, txheej txheem thiab engineering ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Yog tias koj tswj hwm txhua qhov ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais meej tias lub tsheb kauj vab koj yuav hnub no, koj tuaj yeem caij rau koj lub neej, thiab nws yuav tsis ua rau lub neej ntawd tsis zoo.
Cyc: Koj puas tab tom nrhiav cov khoom tshiab thiab txawv tshaj plaw?
JC: Peb ib txwm nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Graphene yog ib qho ntawm cov no, tab sis nws tseem tab tom tsim. Muaj cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm nano-graphene platelets, yog li koj tuaj yeem tau txais nws lawm, tab sis nws kim heev. Qhov loj tshaj plaws rau peb yog tias tshwj tsis yog peb tuaj yeem pom cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov khoom sib xyaw, peb tsis muag tag nrho. Yog tias peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qee txoj hauv kev tau txais graphene lossis carbon fiber nanotubes los tsim cov hlua ntev zoo li peb muaj rau cov pa roj carbon fiber tam sim no, oh my gosh, qhov tawv, lub zog, qhov hnyav yuav tsis ntseeg.
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