Koj xav tias koj ceev, koj paub tias koj tuaj yeem nrawm dua, tab sis qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev ua tau li cas? Peb paub
Koj nyob ntawd, nrawm nrawm zoo li koj lub neej nyob ntawm nws. Crouched hla cov tuav, pob khawm dawb tuav cov tee, koj saib hauv koj lub khoos phis tawj tsheb kauj vab thiab koj pom daim duab nyem txog li 70 kmh. Auj, koj tab tom ya tam sim no. Tab sis ua ntej koj tuaj yeem nce nrawm dua, txoj kev kos npe qhia txog kev sib tshuam ua ntej thiab koj nyem lub brakes coj koj mus rau kev nyab xeeb.
Tab sis ua li cas yog tias qhov kev sib tshuam tsis nyob ntawd? Yuav ua li cas yog tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog khoov los yog dev taug kev mus rau hauv txoj kev, thiab txoj kab nqes yog ntev thiab du thiab ntxhab npaum li koj xav tau?
Koj tuaj yeem mus sai npaum li cas? Cia peb pib teb cov lus nug no los ntawm saib qhov uas tuav koj rov qab.
Lub neej yog luag
'Qhov ntawd yuav yog qhov nrawm nrawm,' piav qhia Rob Kitching, tus tsim ntawm online aerodynamic outfit Cycling Power Lab. 'Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus kev caij tsheb kauj vab, qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus uas qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm aerodynamic luag thiab dov tsis kam sib npaug ntawm lub zog muab los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab lub zog tso zis.'
Ntau npaum li cas cuam tshuam lub ntiajteb txawj nqus nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm txoj kab nqes. 'Yog tias koj teeb tsa txoj kab nqes mus rau qhov kawg - hauv lwm lo lus, phab ntsa - yuav tsis muaj kev thauj khoom ntawm lub log tsheb lossis lub tsheb kauj vab tus qauv,' hais tias Ingmar Jungnickel, R&D engineer rau Specialized.
'Ua tau zoo uas yuav ua rau ob qho tib si rov ua dua thiab koj yuav skydiving.'
Lossis ntau qhov kev tshaj lij 'ceev skydiving', qhov twg lub hom phiaj yog kom ua tiav thiab tuav lub davhlau ya nyob twg siab tshaj plaws. Tso tib neeg tawm ntawm lub dav hlau hauv plab thiab lawv yuav ncav cuag qhov nrawm txog li 200 kmh; taub hau ua ntej thiab peb tab tom tham 250-300kmh; lub taub hau ua ntej thiab hnav cov ris tsho tshwj xeeb tso cai rau kev nrawm txog li 450kmh.
'Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog kev caij tsheb kauj vab, yog li cia peb tsis quav ntsej qhov ntawd thiab siv txoj kev tiag tiag, 'Jungnickel txuas ntxiv. Tshawb xyuas lub ntiaj teb txoj kev, Baldwin Street hauv Dunedin, New Zealand, tuav qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev ua txoj kev ntxhab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb ntawm 35-38 °, nyob ntawm seb koj ntseeg leej twg.
'Nyob ntawm txoj kev no gradient - tab sis lengthened tshaj nws 350m nyob deb - piv txwv li tej yam kev mob siab thiab lub zog tso zis ntawm 400 watts, ib tug neeg caij tsheb nyob rau hauv txoj kev txoj hauj lwm yuav ncav cuag 89.48mph [144kmh], 'hais Jungnickel.
Qhov ntawd yog qee qhov nrawm, tab sis tseem ze li 80kmh txaj muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev poob qis cov ntaub ntawv, tau teeb tsa xyoo tas los los ntawm tus txiv neej Fabkis Éric Barone thaum nws mus txog 223.3kmh ntawm cov daus-npog Chabrières khiav ceev hauv Fabkis Alps xyoo 2015.
Yog li tej zaum yuav txo qis kev ua haujlwm dov peb txoj kab nqes yuav tsum muaj qhov dej khov? Tsis tas li, raws li Jungnickel. 'Ntawm qhov nrawm no, huab cua tsis kam nyob ib puag ncig 99.5%.'
Qhov ntawd piv rau ib puag ncig 50% thaum caij 12kmh. Huab cua tiv thaiv ua rau koj caij nrawm dua, yog li cas peb txoj kev xav txog kev caij tsheb kauj vab ua haujlwm kom ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab tiv thaiv huab cua?
Kawm nws aero
'Txoj haujlwm meej yog qhov tseem ceeb,' hais tias Jungnickel. 'Yog li kuv tau suav nrog tus neeg caij tsheb tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm sim txoj haujlwm thiab, siv peb qhov kev sib piv Baldwin Street ntev, tus neeg caij 400W tuaj yeem ncav cuag 200mph [322kmh].'
Thaum Jungnickel hais tias optimised, nws tab tom tham tag nrho aerodynamic zaub mov. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias lub kaus mom teardrop thiab txoj hauj lwm uas pom lub kaus mom hlau tus Tsov tus tw ntws mus rau hauv ib qho smooth, streamlined rov qab.
Cov tawv nqaij nruj nruj kuj yog qhov yuav tsum tau txo cov cua tsis kam.
'Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb,' hais tias Rob Lewis ntawm kev suav cov kua hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb TotalSim. 'Cov khoom siv, seam tso thiab kev kho saum npoo txhua qhov ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv loj. Koj tuaj yeem tham txog 12-15% qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov phem.'
Lewis kuj qhia tias rub koj cov thom khwm kom deb li deb tau yog qhov ua tau zoo dua aerodynamically zoo dua li khau, thaum tuav nqaim ntawm cov aerobar txuas ntxiv yuav txiav me ntsis rub ib yam nkaus.
Koj tseem xav tau teardrop-shaped tubing vim hais tias, raws li saum toj no, nws yuav pab kom txo tau cov co-efficient ntawm aerodynamic luag (CdA). Qhov no suav nrog ib qho khoom swb thiab qhov loj ntxiv rau nws thaj tsam pem hauv ntej.
Physics hais tias ib yam khoom uas muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm xoom tsis tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb - txhua yam muaj qee yam kev luag - tab sis cov lej tuaj yeem qis heev.
Teardrop-shaped handlebars ntawm lub tsheb kauj vab saum toj kawg nkaus, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem tso npe rau daim duab ntawm 0.005. Zoo nkauj heev.
CdA piv txwv ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb uas siv cov khoom siv aero-shaped tuaj yeem tuaj ntawm 0.18-0.25 cim, piv rau cov neeg ncaws pob zoo 0.25-0.30.
Daim duab no tseem ceeb dua thaum ua raws li cov zis hluav taws xob. Thaum German pro Tony Martin yeej 2011 Lub Sijhawm Sib Tw Ntiaj Teb Kev Sib Tw hauv Copenhagen, nws lub zog tso zis thiab aerodynamic luag (qhia raws li watts/m 2CdA) raug xam li 2, 089.
Qhov no piv rau 1, 943 rau Bradley Wiggins thib ob thiab 1, 725 rau Jakob Fuglsang hauv 10th.
'Txhua tus neeg caij tsheb tuaj yeem ua haujlwm los txhim kho daim duab no, 'Kitching hais. 'Tab sis kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev ceev ceev yog huab cua ceev, uas yog kom meej meej tswj tsis tau.'
Ntawm hiav txwv thiab ntawm 15 ° C, huab cua ceev yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 1.225kg / m 3. Txawm li cas los xij, yam xws li qhov kub thiab txias, barometric siab, av noo thiab qhov siab ua rau huab cua ceev, nrog rau qhov ceev txo qhov siab dua koj.
'Nws yog vim li cas cov neeg caij tsheb zoo li Sam Whittingham lub taub hau siab thaum sim ua txhaum tib neeg cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev hauv av,' ntxiv Lewis.
Thiab yog vim li cas Felix Baumgartner ntab mus rau saum huab cua nyias ntawm lub stratosphere thaum skydiving mus rau 1,342kmh rov qab rau xyoo 2012.
Canadian Whittingham tau tsoo qhov tsis txaus ntseeg 132.5kmh ntawm lub tiaj tus, txawm tias qhov ntawd tseem txaj muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv rau tib neeg lub zog ceev, sau los ntawm tus txiv neej hauv tebchaws Todd Reichart lub Cuaj Hlis.
Reichart tshuav tus so hauv nws txoj kev sawv, ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm 137.9kmh. Peb hais tias 'qhov seem' vim tias Reichart tau sau npe nrawm ntawm World Human Powered Speed Challenge ntawm State Route 305 sab nraum ntawm Battle Roob, Nevada.
Nws yog 16th xyoo sib law liag uas qhov kev sib tw tau muaj nyob rau hauv Nevada, thiab qhov ntawd nqis mus rau ob yam tseem ceeb: nws yog 1,408m saum hiav txwv theem yog li huab cua ceev tsawg thiab chav kawm muab thaj tsam nrawm ntawm 8km ua rau 200m ceev ntxiab.
Ob leeg tau pab Reichart qhov siab tshaj plaws, ib yam li nws lub tsheb - lub tsheb kauj vab rov qab tau ntim nrog kev sib tw. 'Kuv tau ua tiav kev suav ntxiv Baldwin Street,' hais tias Jungnickel, 'thiab nrog lub tsheb kauj vab uas muaj kev ncaj ncees, lub davhlau ya nyob twg yuav yog 369mph [594kmh].'
Nws yuav siab dua yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua qee yam ntawm cov log tsheb, nrog Jungnickel hais tias ntau dua rub tawm los ntawm cov log tsheb tawm ntau dua li tag nrho lub nkoj.
'Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob, thaum kawg koj yuav khiav mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws tuav lub log tsheb tuaj yeem rub tawm, uas yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txo qis, 'nws hais.
‘Koj mus txog qhov ntes-22. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv spoilers kom nce downforce, uas ntxiv luag, uas yuav xav tau ntau lub zog dua (thiab lwm yam). Tshaj li qhov no, kuv tsis ntseeg tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov qauv yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias koj tuaj yeem tsim lub tsheb kauj vab sturdier nrog cov khoom siv ntau dua.'
Koj muaj nws. Kom ncav cuag koj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm yuav luag 600kmh, commission Graeme Obree los tsim koj lub tsheb kauj vab Aero Beastie, mus rau New Zealand, nug Dunedin pawg sab laj kom txuas Baldwin Street mus txog 10km ntev thiab tsim kom muaj lub zog tso zis zoo ib yam li Tony Martin. Yooj yim…
